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When it comes to treating young kids’ colds, over-the-counter cough and cold medicines are no longer the undisputed go-to solution. In fact, the FDA has issued a clear cautionary statement against using them indiscriminately for children under 2 years old, with the broader warning including children under 4 years of age. So, what’s the alternative? Turns out, old-school home remedies might actually work better than those bottles of cold medicine.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) points out that treating a child’s cold symptoms isn’t always necessary. If your little one’s cold symptoms—like a runny nose or a mild cough—aren’t bothering them, there’s often no reason to treat them at all. They could be just fine without any intervention, especially if the symptoms aren’t interrupting their daily routine. And about those pesky fevers? If your child’s fever is under 102°F (38.9°C), you’re usually in the clear. However, always call a doctor if the fever goes above that threshold, or if your baby under 2 months old develops a fever over 100.4°F (38°C).

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Why are cold medicines a no-go for little ones?

Let’s break down the FDA’s stance on cold medicines for kids. For children under 4, cold medications are off-limits—this is something both the AAP and FDA agree on. For kids ages 4 to 6, using these medicines is okay but should be done under the guidance of your pediatrician. After 6, cold medications are typically considered safe, but make sure you’re giving the correct dose. This means using a syringe or a proper measuring spoon, not your kitchen spoon, to avoid giving more than the recommended amount. Also, don’t forget to double-check ingredients. For example, if you give your child Tylenol and then use a cough syrup containing acetaminophen, you might unintentionally double up on the same medicine.

Another thing to keep in mind is that not all “natural” remedies are safe. The FDA allows some homeopathic cold treatments to stay on the market, but there’s little to no evidence they actually work. The FDA has even stated, “We are not aware of any proven benefits for these products and urges you not to give homeopathic cough and cold medicine to children younger than 4.” Yikes, right?

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Get that snot out!

The first step in tackling your little one’s cold? Clearing the nose! If your child is old enough, teach them how to blow their nose. If not, you’ll need some extra help—like a bulb syringe. Known affectionately as the “snot sucker” in some households, this tool is perfect for sucking out the mucus and offering relief. If the mucus is really crusty, soften it with saline drops or warm water before using the syringe. To make your own saline solution, mix ½ teaspoon of non-iodized salt and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda in 1 cup (8 oz) of warm water. Experts recommend using sterile or boiled water for nasal rinses.

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Honey, not medicine, works wonders for coughs

Here’s a sweet secret: honey is one of the most effective home remedies for coughing. Studies have shown that it can be just as effective—if not more so—than over-the-counter cough syrup. A teaspoon (about 5 milliliters) of honey can help thin mucus and calm coughing, especially before bed. But, here’s a critical tip: never give honey to babies under 1 year old. However, honey can contain spores that lead to botulism in infants, so it’s best to avoid it until they’re older.

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Hydration is key!

Staying hydrated helps thin mucus and makes it easier to expel from the body. Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids—water, soup, or any other liquid they enjoy. If your baby is still breastfeeding, keep that up. In fact, breast milk is great even if they have a stuffy nose, just be sure to clear their nose first with a syringe. And if you notice the air in your home is dry, a humidifier can help prevent the mucus membranes in your child’s nose from drying out. Use a cool mist humidifier with distilled or filtered water for best results, or take advantage of some free humidity by letting your little one sit in the bathroom with the shower running.

When to see the doctor

There are times when home remedies aren’t enough, and it’s time to call in the professionals. According to the FDA, if a baby under 2 months old has a fever over 100.4°F (38°C), seek medical help immediately. For older children, if the fever reaches 102°F (38.9°C) or higher, if they stop drinking or eating (which could signal dehydration), or if their symptoms are worsening, it’s time to consult a doctor. And always get medical help right away if your child is having trouble breathing—watch for signs like fast breathing, wheezing, or blue lips.

Cold care, the natural way

While cold medicines might seem like an easy fix, many parents are turning to good ol’ home remedies to treat their kids’ colds, and for good reason. From honey for coughs to saline drops for stuffy noses, these simple solutions are often just as effective, if not more so, than over-the-counter options. Keep these tips in your back pocket for the next time your little one catches a cold—you’ll feel empowered knowing you’re using safe and effective remedies for your child’s health!